(20 March 2020)

In order to build an education system for the comprehensive cultivation of morality, intelligence, physical fitness, aesthetics, and labor, the following opinions are hereby put forward on strengthening labor education in primary and secondary schools in the new era.

1. Fully understand the new requirements for strengthening labor education in cultivating socialist builders and successors in the new era

(1) Significant significance. Labor education is an important part of the socialist education system with Chinese characteristics, which directly determines the labor spirit, labor value orientation, and labor skill level of socialist builders and successors. For a long time, various localities and schools have persisted in combining education with production and labor, and have achieved certain results in educating people in practice. At the same time, it should also be noted that in recent years, there have been phenomena among some young people who do not cherish the fruits of labor, do not want to work, and do not know how to work, and the unique educational value of labor has been neglected to a certain extent, and labor education is being diluted and weakened. The whole party and the whole society must attach great importance to this and take effective measures to effectively strengthen labor education.

(2) Guiding ideology. Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, fully implement the Party's education policy, implement the spirit of the National Education Conference, persist in cultivating morality and cultivating people, persist in cultivating and practicing the core values of socialism, incorporate labor education into the whole process of talent training, run through all stages of primary and secondary schools, run through all aspects of family, school, and society, integrate with moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic education, closely integrate economic and social development changes and the actual life of students, actively explore labor education models with Chinese characteristics, and innovate systems and mechanisms, pay attention to the effectiveness of education, realize the unity of knowledge and action, and promote students to form a correct world view, outlook on life, and values.

(3) Basic principles

——Grasp the orientation of education. Adhere to the leadership of the party, focus on cultivating new people of the era who will take on the great task of national rejuvenation, strive to improve the comprehensive quality of students, and promote the all-round development and healthy growth of students. The value orientation of quasi-labor education guides students to establish a correct outlook on labor, advocate and respect labor, enhance their feelings for working people, serve the country, and contribute to society.

-- Follow the laws of education. In line with the age characteristics of students, focusing on manual labor, paying attention to the use of both hands and brains, safety and moderation, strengthening practical experience, allowing students to experience the labor process, and improving the effectiveness of education.

-- Reflect the characteristics of the times. Adapt to the development of science and technology and industrial transformation, and pay attention to the new forms of labor, focusing on the support of emerging technologies and new changes in social services. Deepen the integration of industry and education, and improve the way of labor education. Strengthen the awareness of honest and legal labor, cultivate the scientific spirit, and improve the ability of creative labor.

-- Strengthening comprehensive implementation. Strengthen government co-ordination, broaden the channels of labor education, and integrate the forces of families, schools, and society. Family labor education should be made routine, school labor education should be standardized, and social labor education should be diversified, so as to form a pattern of coordinated education.

-- Persist in adapting measures to local conditions. According to the actual situation of each region and school, combined with the local natural, economic, cultural and other conditions, fully tap the available resources of industry enterprises and vocational colleges, and adopt a variety of ways to carry out labor education to avoid "one size fits all".

2. Comprehensively build a labor education system that reflects the characteristics of the times

(4) Grasp the basic connotation of labor education. Labor education is an important part of the national education system and a necessary way for students to grow, and has the comprehensive educational value of cultivating morality, increasing intelligence, strengthening the body, and cultivating beauty. The focus of the implementation of labor education is to organize students to participate in daily life labor, production labor and service labor in a purposeful and planned manner in addition to the systematic study of cultural knowledge, so that students can practice hands-on, sweat, accept exercise, temper their will, and cultivate students' correct labor values and good labor quality.

(5) Clarify the overall goal of labor education. Through labor education, students can understand and form the Marxist concept of labor, and firmly establish the concept that labor is the most glorious, the most noble, the greatest and the most beautiful. Experience that labor creates a better life, realize that labor does not distinguish between high and low, love labor, respect ordinary workers, and cultivate the labor spirit of diligence and thrift, struggle, innovation and dedication; Have the basic labor ability to meet the needs of survival and development, and form good labor habits.

(6) Set up labor education courses. Optimize the school curriculum as a whole, incorporate labor education into the national curriculum program for primary and secondary schools, and the talent training program for vocational colleges and ordinary colleges and universities, and form a comprehensive, practical, open, and targeted labor education curriculum system.

According to the characteristics of each school period, compulsory courses of labor education are set up in primary and secondary schools to systematically strengthen labor education. Labor education classes in primary and secondary schools shall not be less than one class hour per week, and schools shall stipulate the daily extracurricular work hours for students. Vocational colleges carry out labor education with internship training courses as the main carrier, of which the special education on labor spirit, model worker spirit and craftsman spirit is not less than 16 hours. Ordinary institutions of higher learning should make it clear that labor education is mainly based on courses, of which the undergraduate level shall not be less than 32 hours. In addition to the compulsory courses of labor education, other courses are organically integrated into the content of labor education in combination with the characteristics of disciplines and majors. Universities, primary and secondary schools set up a labor week every school year, which can be arranged independently during the school year or during the winter and summer vacations, and collective labor is the mainstay. Institutions of higher learning may also arrange labor months to implement the requirements of the working week for each academic year.

Compile labor practice guidance manuals as needed, clarifying labor education requirements such as teaching objectives, activity design, tool use, assessment and evaluation, and safety protection.

(7) Determine the content requirements for labor education. According to the educational objectives, according to the characteristics of different school stages and types of students, labor education is carried out with daily life labor, production labor and service labor as the main content. Combined with the new forms of industry and new forms of labor, we should pay attention to the content of new service labor.

The lower grades of primary school should pay attention to the enlightenment of labor consciousness, so that students can learn to take care of themselves in daily life, perceive the joy of labor, and know that everyone has to work. The middle and upper grades of primary school should pay attention to the formation of hygiene and labor habits, so that students can do a good job of personal cleaning and hygiene, take the initiative to share housework, appropriately participate in public welfare work inside and outside the school, learn to work with others, and experience the glory of labor. Junior high schools should pay attention to increasing labor knowledge and skills, strengthening the study of home economics, carrying out community services, and appropriately participating in production and labor, so that students can initially develop the quality and professional consciousness of being conscientious and responsible, bearing hardships and standing hard work. Ordinary high schools should pay attention to enriching vocational experience, carrying out service labor and participating in production labor, so that students can master certain labor skills, understand the value created by labor, and have a sense of self-reliance in labor and the feeling of actively serving others and serving society. The focus of secondary vocational schools is to combine the training of professional talents, enhance students' sense of professional honor, improve the level of vocational skills, and cultivate students' craftsman spirit of excellence and dedication to work. Institutions of higher learning should pay attention to innovation and entrepreneurship, actively carry out internship training, professional services, social practice, work-study programs, etc., pay attention to the application of new knowledge, new technologies, new processes, and new methods, and creatively solve practical problems, so that students can enhance their sense of honest labor, accumulate professional experience, improve their employment and entrepreneurship ability, establish a correct outlook on career choice, have the spirit of struggle to work in difficult areas and industries, and understand the profound truth of empty talk and hard work to rejuvenate the country; Pay attention to cultivating the awareness of public service, so that students have the dedication to take the initiative in the face of major epidemics, disasters and other crises.

(8) Improve the labor quality evaluation system. Incorporate labor literacy into the comprehensive quality evaluation system of students, formulate evaluation standards, establish incentive mechanisms, organize and carry out activities such as labor skills and labor achievement displays, labor competitions, etc., comprehensively and objectively record the labor process and results inside and outside the classroom, and strengthen the assessment of actual labor skills and value recognition. Establish a publicity and review system to ensure that the records are true and reliable. The results of labor literacy evaluation should be regarded as an important content to measure the overall development of students, as an important reference and graduation basis for the evaluation of excellence, and as an important reference or basis for admission to higher schools.

3. Extensively carry out labor education practice activities

(9) The family should play a fundamental role in labor education. Pay attention to seizing the opportunities for labor practice in daily life such as clothing, food, housing and transportation, encourage children to consciously participate, do it themselves, work anytime, anywhere, and unremittingly, master the necessary housework skills such as laundry and cooking, and learn 1 to 2 life skills every year. Encourage schools (parent associations) and community organizations to carry out student life skills demonstration activities. Students' participation in housework and mastery of life skills should be recorded in the student's comprehensive quality file on an annual basis. Encourage children to take advantage of holidays to participate in various social work. Families should establish a good family style of advocating labor, and parents should teach their children through words and deeds in daily life, so that their children can develop a good habit of loving labor from an early age.

(10) Schools should play a leading role in labor education. Schools should earnestly assume the main responsibility for labor education, clarify the implementing institutions and personnel, open up a full range of labor education courses, and must not crowd out or divert labor practice time. Clarify the requirements of labor education in schools, and focus on guiding students to form a Marxist outlook on labor and systematically learn and master the necessary labor skills. According to the physical development of students, the labor projects inside and outside the classroom are scientifically designed, and flexible and diverse forms are adopted to stimulate the internal needs and motivation of students' labor. The overall arrangement of time inside and outside the classroom can be a combination of centralized and decentralized. Organize and implement labor weeks well, the lower and middle grades of primary schools should focus on campus labor, the upper grades of primary schools and middle schools can appropriately go out into society and participate in concentrated labor, and institutions of higher learning should organize students to go out into society and focus on off-campus labor training.

(11) The society should play a supporting role in labor education. Make full use of all aspects of social resources to provide necessary guarantees for labor education. Government departments at all levels should actively coordinate and guide enterprises, companies, factories and farms and other organizations to fulfill their social responsibilities, open up places for practice, and support schools in organizing students to participate in productive labor within their capacity and participate in new types of service labor, so that students can experience the labor process together with ordinary laborers. Encourage high-tech enterprises to provide support for students to experience new forms and new ways of labor practice under the conditions of modern science and technology. Trade unions, Communist Youth Leagues, women's federations, and other mass organizations, as well as all kinds of public interest foundations and social welfare organizations, should organize and mobilize relevant forces, build activity platforms, and jointly support students to go deep into urban and rural communities, welfare homes, public places, and so forth to participate in volunteer service, carry out public interest labor, and participate in community governance.

Fourth, efforts should be made to improve the ability to support and guarantee labor education

(12) Expand practice sites through multiple channels. Vigorously expand practice sites to meet the diverse labor practice needs of schools at all levels. Make full use of existing comprehensive practice bases, venues for youth extracurricular activities, vocational schools, and labor practice sites in ordinary schools of higher learning, to establish and improve mechanisms for openness and sharing. Rural areas can arrange corresponding land, forests, grasslands, etc. as practice bases for learning agriculture, and urban areas can identify a number of enterprises, institutions, and social institutions as practice places for students to participate in production and service labor. Establish a mechanism for county-based and government-based planning and allocation of labor education resources for primary and secondary schools (including secondary vocational schools). Further improve the school construction standards, and gradually build a complete labor practice classroom and training base. Institutions of higher learning should give full play to their professional advantages and serve the social function, and establish relatively stable internship and labor practice bases.

(13) Take multiple measures to strengthen the construction of talent teams. Various measures should be taken to establish a contingent of labor education teachers who combine full-time and part-time jobs. According to the needs of labor education in schools, schools are equipped with necessary full-time teachers. Institutions of higher learning should strengthen the training of labor education teachers, and normal colleges and universities with the capacity should set up majors related to labor education. Set up model worker studios, skill master studios, honorary teacher positions, etc., and hire professionals from relevant industries as labor practice instructors. Incorporate labor education into the content of teacher training, carry out training for all staff, strengthen each teacher's labor awareness and labor concept, enhance the consciousness of implementing labor education, and conduct special training for teachers who undertake labor education courses, so as to improve the professional level of labor education. Establish and improve the work evaluation system for labor education teachers, and improve evaluation standards by category.

(14) Improve the funding mechanism. All localities should coordinate the central subsidy funds and their own financial resources, raise funds in various forms, accelerate the construction of on-campus labor education sites and off-campus labor education practice bases, strengthen the standardization of school labor education facilities, and establish a supplementary mechanism for school labor education equipment and consumables. Schools may, in accordance with regulations, make overall arrangements for public funds and other funds to carry out labor education. The government can adopt the method of purchasing services to attract social forces to provide labor education services.

(15) Strengthen security safeguards in various aspects. All regions should establish a security management and control mechanism in which the government is responsible, the society is coordinated, and relevant departments participate together. Establish a risk diversification mechanism for labor education with the participation of the government, schools, families, and society, encourage the purchase of labor education-related insurance, and ensure the normal development of labor education. All schools should strengthen labor safety education for teachers and students, strengthen labor risk awareness, and establish and improve a labor safety and security system that attaches equal importance to safety education and management. Scientifically assess the safety risks of labor practice activities, earnestly investigate and remove various hidden dangers in students' labor practices, especially radiation, disease infection, etc., formulate safe and scientific operation specifications in the selection of site facilities, material selection, use of tools and equipment and protective equipment, activity processes, etc., strengthen the management of each position in the labor process, clarify the responsibilities of all parties, and prevent problems before they occur. Formulate risk prevention and control plans for labor practice activities, and improve emergency response and accident handling mechanisms.

5. Earnestly strengthen the organization and implementation of labor education

(16) Strengthen organizational leadership. Under the unified leadership of the party committees, governments at all levels should put labor education on the agenda, introduce relevant policies and measures, earnestly solve major problems in the implementation of labor education, and do a good job in supervising and urging its implementation. Provincial-level governments should strengthen the overall planning and coordination of labor education, clarify the responsibilities of municipal and county-level governments and relevant departments in strengthening labor education, and promote the establishment of a long-term mechanism for the comprehensive implementation of labor education.

(17) Strengthen supervision and inspection. Incorporate labor education into the education supervision system, and improve supervision methods. Supervise the local governments at all levels and relevant departments to ensure labor education and the organization and implementation of labor education in schools, and disclose the results of supervision to the public, and at the same time serve as an important indicator to measure the quality and level of regional education, and as the basis for evaluating rewards and punishments for the supervised departments and schools and their main responsible persons. Carry out quality monitoring of labor education, and strengthen feedback and guidance.

  (18) Strengthen publicity and guidance. Guide parents to establish a correct concept of labor, and support and cooperate with schools to carry out labor education. Strengthen scientific research on labor education, publicize and popularize typical experiences in labor education. Actively publicize the advanced deeds of enterprises, public institutions, and social institutions in providing labor education services. Pay attention to excavating typical characters and deeds that have emerged in major events such as anti-epidemic and disaster relief, and vigorously publicize the noble character of not being afraid of difficulties, perseverance, and daring to take responsibility. Encourage and support the creation of more excellent works with the theme of praising ordinary laborers, vigorously publicize the typical characters and deeds of hard work, honest labor, and creative labor, carry forward the main theme of the glory of labor and the creation of greatness, take a clear-cut stand against all erroneous concepts of getting something for nothing, greedy for pleasure, and advocating sudden wealth, and create a good atmosphere in which the whole society cares about and supports labor education.